Welcome to the Life Span podcast where we discuss the science of aging and how to be healthier at any stage of life.
I'm David Sinclair. I'm a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, and I'm also co-director of the poll of Glenn Center for biology of Aging research. In this podcast series, were talking about why we age and how to slow stop. And even reverse that process to give us longer and healthier lives. In this episode. This final, episode of the eight part series were talking about the very near future what's coming down the line that will potentially greatly extend our lifespans.
I'm joined here by my lovely co-host and my co-author of Life Span Matthew Laplante. Welcome, Hey, thank you. So yeah, we've been talking over the last few minutes about what the future really looks like and how much it's going to change our lives. But even how hard it is to predict the future just a few years out because things are changing so quickly.
Well, in fact we set off to give some predictions when we worked on Lifetime together and a lot of things that you had said,
Did you envision coming down the line? Maybe five years out? Maybe ten years out by the time the book had published and certainly now two years after the book is published. They're already here.
We even have this illustration in the book of the post and going online doing a telemedicine interview with a doctor and having medicines delivered to their home in that case by drones, but we're pretty much already there. Thanks to the
pandemic. Yeah, we are and I think there's a lot of other things that are just coming a lot faster than
then we could have even envisioned and also in part because the pandemic because the pandemic is really brought so many of us face to face with some of the constraints of how our world was organized in the before times and how that it's not very flexible. It's not very responsive to the needs that we are experiencing not just in the the pandemic but also as we re orchestrate, our lives in the 21st century,
And even when we wrote the book, there was pushback, even within hours conversations, how realistic is it, that people will take their own Healthcare Medical Care into their own hands. And would they be allowed to and we've been rapidly pushed into that world where you can take home tests for pretty much anything. You can have blood tests for pretty much anything, of course, doctors have to be involved, but you don't have
you don't have a doctor's office, right? And in the
future, it's going to be rare to go to see your doctor. Most of its can be done remotely and you won't even
The doctor that's involved in prescribing
something and thank God, really? Because there's really no experience people like less than going to the doctor. If we could do that in the comfort of your home. It's going to be a better
experience. Well, yeah, I was pretty sure I would get sick or when I went to that waiting room with people coughing and sneezing everywhere, hospitals are just as bad. It's pretty risky, but particularly as an older person going to the hospital and if you don't need to if you can be monitored at home in which is increasingly possible. Then a lot of people weren't died from an infection that they
Would typically get at the hospital you said
monitoring. And I think this is a overarching theme of this podcast Series so far, one of the things we've said again and again is that you can't impact what you don't measure and so today, we're going to talk a lot about wearables and implantables and we're going to talk about how these Innovations along with scaled access to biological aging. Clocks is going to change the way we address Health.
Yeah, and before we get to that this podcast,
His made available freely. And the reason is we have sponsors that help us monitor our bodies and keep the nutrition at the right levels. Based on that feedback. Our first sponsor is levels levels is an app that syncs with A continuous glucose monitor, which they provide and interprets your glucose data for you. I've been so impressed using levels that I recently joined the company as a Scientific Advisor. By monitoring your blood glucose levels, allows you to see how different foods affect you. I've had fun running tests of my own seeing how different foods.
Act, my blood sugar levels, for example, I've learned that white rice, really spikes my blood sugar, whereas potatoes don't. As we've discussed on this podcast, having stable, blood glucose is very important, not only for daily, mental and physical energy, but also for long-term health. So if you'd like to try levels, you can skip the 150,000 person, wait list and go there straight to the top of the line and joined today by going to levels dot link / Sinclair that's levels dot link. / Sinclair today's
Episode is also brought To Us by athletic greens. Athletic greens is an all-in-one daily green string that supports Better Health and Peak Performance. It's developed from a complex blend of 75 vitamins, minerals, and Whole Food sourced ingredients. It's filled with adaptogens for Recovery probiotics, prebiotics, and digestive enzymes for gut health, along with vitamin C and zinc, citrate for immune support. I've been drinking athletic greens each morning for a number of years. Now, as a way to cover all my nutritional basis.
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Claire, my last name to claim this special offer. Today's podcast is also brought To Us by inside tracker, inside tracker is a personalized nutrition platform that analyzes data from your blood and your DNA to help you better understand your body and reach your health goals. I've been using inside tracker for over a decade and I'm the chair of their scientific Advisory Board. The reason I have long used inside tracker is because they provide the best blood and DNA analysis that I'm aware of. They make it easy to get your blood.
Drawn, you can either go to a nearby clinic or like I do have someone come to your home. It's really convenient from there inside track or analyze your data and presents that data. In an easy-to-understand way. Another feature that inside tracker offers is their inner age test, which I helped develop This Test shows you what your biological age is how it compares to your chronological age and what you can do to improve that number. So, if you'd like to try inside tracker, you can visit them at inside track or.com.
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checkout. Okay, so David, let's get into this and to do this to talk about the future. We have to talk a little bit about the past. We have to talk about the rural work in right now when it comes to health care. Right now. Our Health Care system is based on a Model that has developed over the last few hundred years and that model basically amounts to
Wait, till you get sick, then go see your doctor. And we when you and I have talked about this before, you said that that actually makes plenty of sense in the context of the 19th and 20th
centuries. Well, it does because doctors had no way of knowing if you're sick other than asking you how you feel and they couldn't do that remotely, certainly not through video, but they also needed to feel you and to take samples in the office right now. You can wear a biosensor a monitor or do blood tests from home, or a local Clinic that will give the doctor.
Way more information than they could ever get by seeing you in person. So a case in point. I saw my doctor maybe six months ago and I hadn't seen him for a year and it was a video conference and it was a very supposed to be very quick. 10 minutes. He said, David how you feel feeling good, how you sleeping? Not so good. Well, you should get more sleep. Try to not do your emails too late. Anything else you want to talk about and I said, yeah, there's a lot. I'm you know, 52. I could have colon cancer. I could have all these other issues. Let's do some tests.
And he says well, okay. What kind of test do you want? So I said I'm what about a prostate cancer test know from my age? He could be I could have prostate cancer. My neighbor just died from prostate cancer. And he said well, do you have a family history? Not that I know of. Do you feel sick? No goes. Well, then there's no need to do the test. I said, hold it right there. Hold it right there. Are you telling me that I need to have a large tumor in my prostate? That's causing me to be sick before I come and see you. He's
Yes. Well, yes,
that and that's crazy medicine in the 20th century. It's often too late. Then. I'm on my way to
death. So these days, there are tests that you can do that. Your doctor can order. There's a new one. That's just about to be released by a company called Grail. That and there are many others that can with a finger prick or a little blood test from a local Clinic. You can detect 50 different types of cancers before, they even become tumors and kill them years before they would show up. And have you go to a doctor.
Is often too late,
let's talk about why that is, because when a cancer cell starts to form, when a tooth, when a tumor starts to form, it begins releasing into the bloodstream, these signalers blood analytes. And if we can detect those, we can detect cancer at the very, very earliest stages.
Well, that's right. And they give off a lot of different signals you out of the breath and in the bloodstream, they'll each proteins they leave.
Each DNA RNA and even the types of DNA that come out. This little fragments they have little ends. They're not it's not the whole chromosome that comes out. These are they get chopped up the cancer cells, die and Out, Come these little pieces. Those pieces have chemicals on them, the DNA methylation. The clock that can be read and even at the ends, how they were cut up by enzymes in the cell can tell you, indeed, that is a stage one liver cancer, even though we picked it up in the bloodstream,
which means we don't
Now, need to wait for a tumor to grow for to metastasize for it to spread into other systems in the body. There is increasingly a chance of catching these kinds of problems earlier and it's not just cancer. It's a lot of diseases heart disease, which is not a cancer, right? Also, there are signs of heart disease that you can pick up through these early warning
signals. Exactly. So with with the cancer, we've been slowly reducing the incidence of
Of cancer and particularly the ability to survive cancer. It's been, we haven't cured cancer, but it's gotten a lot better particularly for diseases, like, breast cancer, lung cancer, to, what I'm excited about is that this new development, that's not come from oncologist. But from people who develop these tests, the geneticist that can find blood, what's called circulating DNA. This is going to dramatically, reduce the incidence of cancer and certainly the death rate. Why? Because if you catch a tumor, when it's small,
Take some chemotherapy and you kill it off before it spreads and it's too late. So that's cancer, heart disease, heart disease. You can measure through blood test. So we do inside tracker. You can see that there are inflammatory markers that predict cardiovascular disease, but also what's coming along, it'll be added to those blood tests is the ability to measure your hearts function. So I wear a device. That's right here. This is this one's called a bio button. You can see it's about an
inch, you know, you want to take off your shirt.
Do you want me to take off my shoes? I mean II. Don't, I don't personally need you to take off your shirt. I just know that you've been waiting for the opportunity to take off your shirt on camera. That is not true. But I can show you, he's been waiting for the opportunity. He's shy now, but he wants to do it. It's like Iron Man, we don't need, you have like a little device right in the middle of your chest. What is this thing? Okay, tell me what, what is this thing monitoring right now?
Well, so instead of going to your doctor once a year for an annual checkup. This thing's monitoring my body, a thousand times, a second for vibration, it can him.
How we speak, how? I cough? It's looking at my movements, how I sleep during the day, how I move. But most importantly, for this device. It's measuring my heart in many different ways. It's actually an FDA-approved. EKGs is something that used to have. You have to put stickers all over your body. The doctor used to measure it, sine waves. Whatever you can now do it with your wrist, watch though. That's not FDA-approved. This one is the real deal. Doctors use this information to diagnose patients. And what's being is being used for mainly now is to send patients home early, who have experienced a heart attack or have had heart surgery.
Just to see if they're doing a right at home and hospitals. Save tens of thousands of dollars that way, for something that only costs about $20.
But why wait for somebody to have a heart attack and then send him home with one if you can put them on people who are at risk of heart attack, or even before, then they become at acute risk of heart attack, right? I mean, like, if we can start monitoring people early on figure out what their normal rhythm is be attentive when that Rhythm starts to falter, we can catch things
really
The early, we will that there's a future already that's here that this device will send a note to my doctor or a nurse that scanning hundreds and eventually millions of people, and they'll be a red alert. We like Minority Report. I've seen this actually in development, you call it up, his David's heart, and the kidneys are also having an issue, the doctor, then looks at it. It's probably or she is playing a golf game or doing something else, but they can see it. They go. Okay. This person is about to have a heart attack. Send in the sending the
W. This might be a molecular Dynamics, like, Lex Friedman's Robo.
Yo, and I want to talk about the future, but I think we need to First sort of, like, set the stage for what's actually going on right now because it's not just heart monitors. That thing is not monitoring your blood, but you do, you're also wearing and I am wearing also something that is actually actively monitoring our
blood. Yeah. This is the levels, continuous glucose monitor its on the Firearms here.
And we've been playing with this. The last week together. We've been competing to see who's got the lower blood sugar levels and we just measured it before you went on air and are identical. So
that's your winning like by a percentage point right
now, right? But we're both healthy and what we've learned by eating meals together over this past episode is that what we eat? Really makes a big difference. So things like rice and grapes for me, really spike. It potatoes, not so much if you learn anything.
With this device. I feel like I've learned more about blood sugar in a week of wearing this device. Then I knew about my entire life before then now I should say, I'm not diabetic. I'm not pre-diabetic. So there was really like under the sort of the traditional Paradigm of how we diagnose and treat diseases. There was no reason for me to know what my blood sugar is, but I'm realizing now like honestly,
Like realizing now that like, there is a reason and the reason why is it fundamentally changes the way that I think about the foods that I'm putting into my body because I'm now thinking about it, in the context of, will this do something to me, that I know, is not very good for me, which is Spike, my blood sugar,
exactly, and it's similar to scales in your bathroom. It's knowing that. If you're told to weigh yourself every morning, you will lose weight more often than not. And I like, in these two, two scales. We can measure our bodies, mean, who's to say, we're not allowed to look.
Inside our bodies, there are doctors who don't believe that these should be allowed to be. Well, in fact, you have to have
a prescription for this right now.
You do you do and you know until further studies are showing that they're safe. That's a reasonable thing. But I do believe that people have the right to look inside their bodies and we can interpret the data
and you shouldn't wait until their disease to do so
exactly. So right now there are those dock there are some in the medical establishment that think that these should only be used for diabetics. My argument is
A bathroom scales only for those who are morbidly obese. Know. We, anybody can use them to tell more about their bodies and how they can
improve wearables have come a really long way. So, this is a blood glucose monitor. They, this is all sort of, like, in a, there's a long and Rich, history of blood glucose monitors. These were sort of the first wearables to come along and this is at home tests that people could
use write. The history is pretty interesting foot. The
Ability to measure glucose in blood was way back in 1962. It was until 1973 that there was a desktop or my, like a benchtop analyzer. Is my like a fridge. The thing was huge. It was a massive, but no, so nice. Every three could finally send in a sample of blood and have your glucose measured and that's how it's being done. For, really up until these devices came along increasingly. We're now seeing wearables being able to do it watches, these semi invasive needles, eventually what we're going to have
The ability to incorporate it into one of these stickers and not just one measurement, but hundreds and
and that's really where things start to get very informative and very interesting because what you can do is now you can decide based on your genetic profile, your propensity for disease, perhaps even the way that your genes have been methylated over time. You can decide what the biomarkers are that you need to know. You can do this in consultation with your
After another advisor who understands these things, you know, best you can say, okay. What I want to watch is for this and this, and this, right now, you can look at pretty much, lots of people have access now to blood glucose, but we're going to be able to look at all sorts of other blood
biomarkers. Yeah. There's an interesting point that it's kind of at the end of the story about my doctor. Even though my doctor was reticent and eventually capitulated, and gave giving me that prostate cancer test. Thank you. Dr. Peter. You're all good. I'm good. Yeah, right.
And a very simple test called the PSA test if you're wondering. But what's happening is it's not that he's a bad doctor. It's that the medical system is not set up to give tests willy-nilly for to people that aren't yet sick. And that I was teaching by most people's Insurance.
Unless you reach that threshold again, like this whole system, right? Like the the insurance system, says, yes, we will pay for it. But only once your disease which is ass
backwards, it is an end. There are countries that have realized this Australia provides sunblock on beaches. They also provide free colon cancer tests. You just poop
Up and send it off everyone in Australia, gets a free colon cancer test that saves billions of dollars down the line today in the US pretty much, you have to pay for a lot of this yourself, but a lot of people realize that it's worth it and getting back to my doctor, what he said was all you have all this data from inside tracker. Let's look at it. So I call up on the screen, all the data and he's loving it. So doctors are not, at least in the case of my doctor. He's not upset that I'm measuring myself. In fact, he would do it for everybody. If the insurance would pay for it.
So I also have a very old-school doctor and I love him to death. I'm going to actually go see him next week. I'm really looking forward to bringing my chart to see him
because from the levels data
from the levels data. Yeah, because I think this is going to inform our conversation and a way that we've never had
before. Well, exactly. And it's just the beginning of being cognizant of that, your body matters and is changing all the time and there are days.
Days and months where it's going to be way out of whack. And you wouldn't know unless you were measuring. It's all about as we wrote in life span the book, you need a dashboard for your body. In the same way, you need dashboard for your car. You wouldn't drive your car without a dashboard. Well, you could, but you wouldn't get very far, you run out of gas. We need that for our bodies and it's really time that we do that. And what we'll have, is it a massive reduction in diseases? Like all cancers, but colon cancer already? We're going to have heart attacks. Be a thing of the past pretty much because your
We'll know days in advance before you actually have a cardiac event and other things even clue including depression, anxiety. These can also be measured by the devices that we have on our bodies or even in our hands or the ones we type on these indicate diseases. Speaking of typing you can tell if someone's getting Alzheimer's and or Parkinson's just by how they
type also by the their movements around the house. There are systems that are doing that. Now again before we get to futuristic. I know you have this is one of the things I really get that our conversations. You're always like, let's talk about the future.
Teacher. But I really want to talk about what what's available right now. Because right now, if someone wants it, there are a variety of products that take a variety of measurements. There are glucose monitors, like we're wearing, there are lactate monitors, their body fat muscle mass body fat, percentage monitors, ECGs, caloric, intake, temperature UV exposure.
Sleep Quality blood oxygen. What those are the things that are just on the market right now that you like just type into Google. I want this kind of monitor. You can get it. What are the like, five biomarkers that you would want to have? If I just said, you can only have five this week. What are the five that you would want?
Well, I'm already measuring a lot of those. So
glucose you're doing with it inside tracker, which is a regular like, what monthly or bimonthly. That's true. Yeah. So what would you want to be able to monitor a glossary?
So I would want one of these devices?
To not just tell me glucose. I want it to include heart function, which I'm doing as well. But I also would include inflammation. So there's a molecule called CRP, which I always want to keep low because that's a really good predictor of cardiovascular. Disease is C, reactive protein. Yeah, and so, we've got glucose, the Arctic protein in Flight inflammation. So this would be tnf-alpha or I'll 16. These are also predictive of longevity. I want cortisol. Keep my stress levels down.
Or also telling me if I over
exercise, I would love to see your core. Default chart.
I have it all. I got 10 years of data dude,
like know I would love to see your like minute-by-minute cortisol chart. Well, yeah,
hanging out with you raises it.
And then I think that's for the fifth one. Let's see. I would like to know, lactate would be great because that would tell me if my body is able to deal with exercise adequately and maybe blood oxygen to. So when I'm exercising, making sure that I get hypoxic, which as we've talked about, is one of those adversity, memetics the turns on your body. Well, it is an adversity, but it's a hormesis that doesn't kill you, but makes your body stronger in the long run in the
Very near future. We're going to have wearables and semi implantables, by which I mean like things that maybe stick a small needle into your arm, very painlessly, like the level sensor does in the sort of still fairly near term future but a little further out
nanobiosensors, right? And they're being developed. I can already get those from companies. They're not yet commercially available and I've tried these out. This one will measure a variety of things through this.
Inning, including analytes glucose eventually, there are companies that are including levels that are going to be measuring hundreds of things. That include the things that I mentioned, these Nano sensors. They use, they don't just use these chemical reactions. They'll, have antibodies that can detect proteins, that can detect DNA methylated, DNA, and they will be implanted, eventually Under the Skin. So they may last for months. You just recharge them. Put one of those coils on the hand, maybe for an
Our, you know, is five minutes. You've recharge this thing and you're good to go and they could stay in you for life and we were discussing this earlier. We had got into a bit of an argument for you went on air and maybe you want to hold me up. Hold me back, because this is a longer discussion, but I think that everybody should have a biosensor in their body at every age. So, that parents doctors can monitor how people are doing, and make better decisions about food and lifestyle.
Well, and, and the
Thing is, is that we are very quickly going to be entering a world in which there is so much data that we are gathering by ourselves that it's just going to become incomprehensible to processed by itself. And a lot of the signals. There's going to be a lot of noise. The signals are going to be hidden. We're going to need a, i to help us understand this which means that it's not just about wearing the monitor 24/7. It's also about where the data goes. This is the real concern that we were having this conversation about. And what
that means is that it's going to have to be uploaded to a cloud somewhere to a presumably accompany. I don't think most people want a government doing this for them. Although in some countries. We know that's probably going to be the case. We're starting to tread into a future that I think a lot of people are rightfully a little bit nervous about or a lot nervous about.
Well, it's going to be a company, the government is not developing these things, and there are many companies doing a small and large, we know Amazon.
Google Apple. They have their health divisions, but they're a lot of little startups developing devices that may be acquired, or may become the next Healthcare giant. It is a problem though that this data is is massive. There's terabytes of data that I'm collecting on my body and multiply that by billion or so people that's gonna be a lot of data. First of all, where do you store it? Who owns it? What will be done with it? Is it anonymized? Is it under the HIPAA act? Hopefully, in America that will protect it from being.
Used against you. I was on a podcast with Lex Friedman and he brought up a really important point which was we have to have these rules in place before we start giving all of this data away and he would want. One of the main things is that you have the right to delete your data if you choose to. And I don't think we're there yet. A lot of these agreements don't include that, but that would be something that we should definitely start a conversation about. I'm in touch with some senators and congresspeople about that. This is a world that's coming. It's not a question of if it's just when and it's only the next few years that these
Rules should be put in
place. Yeah, I mean we didn't nobody should be waiting to talk about this. This is an important thing that we need to get right and we need to get it right really quickly because the technology is not waiting for the laws to catch up. One of the other things that we should mention is particularly when we're talking about genetic data, when you consent as an individual to release your genetic data, you're not just making a personal choice. You're actually making a choice.
As for your family, whom share genetic data with you, your parents, your children. This is not just a personal
decision. Yes, every time one of your relatives, puts their DNA and their genetic data into a database. It effects
you. Yeah, it's not just their information as your information to.
Yeah. And so, one of the, the use of this obviously, is that your family learns about their health, but another aspect is that you can use it to solve cold cases.
In the case of the Golden State killer the case, where there was a man for decades going around. Murdering people are 13 murders, 50 rapes 150. Burglaries. They finally found a hair from this individual, at didn't have the roots, but there wasn't much DNA, but Ed green and his team at a company. In Australia that I work with, they were able to get enough DNA out of that hair to track him in a and find a relative of him. In one of these universities
public databases where the relative freely voluntarily given their information.
Ian
Wright and triangulating other aspects that they knew about this individual. They said, huh? This is the guy and they arrested him and gentlemen,
lots of police work like this in, in recent years. I think a lot of people look at that, and they go. Oh, man,
that's really great. What a
great application. The same technology used by a government. That wasn't looking for a murderer but a dissident or, you know, like a journalist could be really, really dangerous,
right? So, that's why these laws need to be looked at and made sure.
They are totally tight so that there cannot be a dictator or some sort of change in government law. That can use this data for nefarious
purposes. The other way that our Health Data affects other people is in infectious diseases. And so, there's another question here about, okay. So, let's say, like a well-meaning government, right? Identifies a contagious virus, right? And we can track these things. Now with, you know, millions of people.
Wearing biomark, bio monitors everywhere. You get a spike in one of these analytes and all of a sudden whoever is tracking this wherever they are nose. Ah, there's a virus here. It's spreading. And I think we're all a lot more cognizant of like, what this kind of looks like and feels like an air of covid. But you know, what, if it was a disease like Ebola, not covid, which is by itself, very, very dangerous and very deadly for a lot of people, but what if it's a virus that's deadly for
Almost everyone right? There will be big decisions to be made by governments as to what is privacy and what is collectively good. And we've seen that over this relatively minor pandemic. The big one is going to come and in our lifetimes, probably as we wrote about in life span. I'm on the front lines of this as well. I was building a company have a company called Arc bio. That is able to detect viruses and fungi and bacteria in human blood and any sample from a spit sample, in the effort to
Get ahead of covid-19 at. Now. It came a little too early. We weren't ready, but there are patients. Now that are being monitored by Arc Bose technology with a blood test, the sees everything in the body and instead of pulling out the human day for DNA from a hair. What we do is we pull we pull out the human DNA and see what's left behind. And those are the pathogens and we can actually diagnose and infectious disease, without even knowing what to look for.
There's a lot of implications here that once again, like, you know, we should be talking about now, rather than
Waiting. If people are going to be engaged in anything about the internet of things or what some people are calling the internet of body. This is the thing that we should really be focused on and talking about because it's not just voluntary patches that were wearing. We're figuring out lots and different ways to collect. This information is going to get easier and easier. And a lot of people are going to do this because it looks
convenient. Yeah. Well, let's go through some of the the senses that are here now and ones that are just about to
Come on the market. Look at me. I'm wearing the blood glucose monitor, which we've talked about. We love. I've got a ring that measures my sleep and my heart rate and my movement really need to focus on sleep. This helps me and makes me cognizant of my sleep. I've got one of these watches that does hard. It does movement walking exercise. So I'm already a bit of
a cyber. No one on your
chest. Don't forget that. Yeah. This is, this one's not commercially available, but will be
soon and you're and you're doing the inside track or blood draws,
right? So I know a lot about my body.
And I've actually been getting healthier and fitter over the years because of it this it's no accident. Now. I love what I am able to. I'm a scientist and I can correct things when they're out of whack and not optimal and I wouldn't be able to do that if I didn't monitor it but I'm excited about the other things. I'll be able to monitor right now. I'm blind too. Speaking of which contact lenses contact lenses are one area. You can measure your blood glucose levels. There's there are two sensors. Are you can measure bacteria in your mouth. You can also currently through.
Guillaume and other companies I was talking to the CEO of via on the other day. Nobody in Jane. He's got a colon cancer test that works better than anything on the market, but he also can see health and give you supplements. That will improve your health based on what's in your gut and that's going to be monitored as well. I'm not sure how maybe that's a
mile is that oh, that's a poop
test right now. You send off your poop, but eventually it will be a device
in your home and you literally something people are doing right now is they're sending their poop by male 2. Yeah.
Yeah, it felt weird going to the shop. So the store with a box full of my poop, but I did it in the case of a colon cancer test, which a lot of Australians are doing just normally, but it is weird.
We should probably say it's not a, it's not a whole poop. Wait. Did you send a whole poop? Well, what do you think it is? It's just a swab.
I think it's a fairly large piece of poop in a jar.
Wow. Okay. So this is, this is, it was a big doll yell. And then we live in and then you put
in liquid and you shake it.
It's gross. But I learned that I didn't have colon cancer. So that was
worth it. It's probably worth it. Right? And I think a lot of these this sort of like the overarching theme Here is that a lot of these things come with trade-off, they come with the trade-off for the potential. For embarrassment. There are privacy implications. We have to measure those trade-offs against what we potentially can gain. Some of these other biosensors are put into mouth
guards, select eight drink
acid. I don't the mouth guard.
Our biosensors. I'm not sure what they're using. Although I have heard them implicated in like youth Athletics because when you have a concussion you immediately start to see markers in the blood. And so, those can presumably in the saliva to, those can test those. There's temporary tattoo biosensors and there's also sweat microfluidic bio sensors. That can detect all kinds of
hormones, right? And then eventually we'll have these optimized athletes as well. Already there.
During a lot of devices, but eventually, they'll be monitored for all sorts of things that like a Formula 1 racing car
will. But what you're, what you're suggesting though. Is that eventually everyone will from pretty much every age be being monitored. You said thousands of times each
second. Doesn't it make sense makes sense to me? I wouldn't want to walk around potentially going to have a heart attack tomorrow or having cancer growing me and not know about it. I want to know this stuff and that's what I think will lengthen our lives, by another decade beyond what
Are able to do with changes to Lifestyle. Let's bring
this together with aging though because so far what we've really been talking about is the transitions that we can see in our biochemistry that take us from states of Wellness, two states of disease. That's really important. How aging fits into this is also
important. Well, there are number of ways to measure your biological age. I've used inside tracker for over a decade now to steadily get ostensibly.
Hunger by chemically over that decade. I was 48 and it's spiked. My age went up based on their inner age test and then I changed my lifestyle. I started taking any man, metformin and got that number in a rage down to 31.4. In a matter of months. That doesn't mean. I was literally that age just means that my blood biochemistry. Mark is matched somebody that was more like
34 right now in order to have your biological aging assessed.
Through one of these methylation clocks. It's it's pretty expensive. It's really time, consuming. It can take weeks. If not months to get results back, you're involved in an effort to try to bring down both the price point and the time period that people have to wait to learn their biological
age. Yeah, these tests on perfect right now that they're fairly expensive. They take weeks to get results, but that's going to change the student in my lab. You know, Patrick Griffin has been his Ph.D., Trying to figure out how to make it cheap and he figured it out.
We've just put a paper online viewers can go and download that. It's a site called bio archive Sinclair Griffin keyword time. Seek seq, that paper is describing a way to do this methylation clock for a thousand times less. We're spinning out a company. We're in the process of hopefully in the next few months having a product available. So people can at home, do a cheek swab and routinely measure their biological age, which is important, because there are ways to slow down and stop aging.
In reverse aging. And without that test, you won't know what's working for you. People can sign up where we haven't got the product yet. But there is a website. It's dr. Sinclair.com spell out the word doctor. Dr. Sinclair.com and you can get on the wait list, do that? Because the more people we have, the more experiments we can do together to figure out what slows aging and even reverses
it. Once you have that number and bringing that together, with all of these other metrics that we've been talking about, the, the measurements of the microbiome, the measurements of the blood, and
Lights all of the stuff that you're getting from like your Smartwatch or whatever sensors you're wearing, you can start making decisions in your day-to-day life. Let's talk about some of those. What does this look like in terms of the way that we eat in the future because what we've already said is you got to eat better, but this is eating better and eating more informed as well.
Yeah. Well, there are a couple of companies that we're involved with and they support this show that the tell us what we can eat. So levels is telling us what's bad to eat for free.
Your blood sugar and what we should avoid it. The app. Actually, we were looking at this together. You can compare foods with this with this app, which is fun inside tracker. Also provides nutritional recommendations. You might want to. If you're deficient in vitamin D. They send you off and you should eat some meat more, salmon, even have recipes. I'm supposed to say that we're entering a world where you'll be able to look at your phone. It'll tell you what things to buy at the shop at the supermarket and even what local restaurants you can go to in which meals you should have to optimize your health
once we have all
His measurements. You can watch your biological clock from week to week. You can watch your blood and lights go up and down within a course of a single day. You can watch your heart rate. You can watch all of these things. Once you have those things, you can start making decisions about the way that you eat, which is really one of the biggest ways that we can impact
these. Well, that's what I do. It's not just that you can, you should and sort of decisions that you can make our, okay, if you're deficient in vitamin D, you can
Be directed towards eating certain foods, like fish that have vitamin D or if you have certain high levels of cortisol, reduce your stress. Do meditation, do an exercise so hard. These are tweaks to your life that otherwise you wouldn't know that you needed to do and
the apps that will sort of like, help you along in this regime. And then you're not going to be expected to know all of this stuff yourself. The they're going to lead you through the
process. Well, they do, most of these apps are taking a lot of data.
And terabytes of data and Distilling it down in just a few simple steps for you to do each day.
Even if you're doing everything right, you're eating the right way. There's still times that these measurements are going to tell you. Hey, you're actually, you're missing out on this. And so now we're getting into this conversation about, like, perhaps supplementation as
well. Yeah, that's a key component. It's particularly important for people who are on Specialized diets. Say, if you're a vegan or vegetarian, you're going to be lacking.
The in vitamin B12, probably, you may have low energy levels because you're getting older, you measure those, and then you'll have recommendations to supplement and bring those levels back to an optimal level. They'll probably recommend. Go get that brand or go get that right now. It's very difficult. You don't know what brands to choose. I'm working on a way to solve that as well. But ultimately, I think what's going to happen is, you know, homes. We're going to have a machine that can give us a poly pill with the minerals, the vitamins, maybe even the medicines that we
Right on the spot feels like a little compounding pharmacy, right on your kitchen counter and this isn't crazy stuff. Daniel
craft, an MD, a good friend of mine from Stanford. University has a company that's built a machine. It's not yet available that does mix those minerals vitamins and even medicines right there on your kitchen, countertop every morning. And the the thing
about this is that what we're talking about then are, you know, pills that are created specifically for a specific person as opposed to
What we get right now when we go to the store, which is a capsule. That is the size that some average person needs. Whatever that
means, right? It's not even male and female half the time. But even if it is, it's all men. Take this woman, take that not even asking how much volume or how much does that person way? We can be some people three times heavier than others
right. On the side of the like the Tylenol bottle. It says like adults and children like there's no other. There's nothing else ridiculous.
Right? Right these pills that are made.
The home, they're going to be made specially for you for that day, for that time of day. And for what you've been eating
and for your genome to exact, right? Because different people have different DNA process and metabolize different chemicals in different ways. Once that's worked into this. We can really, really start to pinpoint what people actually need as opposed to what most people need, most of the
time, right? And actually medicine is as it's currently called is based on.
An average person. And so those ranges that doctors look at to say oh you're sick or you're not a based on an average human and doesn't take into account your your often your history. Your genetics. What you've been eating? How biologically old you are and these things should be brought into brought to bear as well and eventually doctors will have this information and all be assisted by a I but right now we're in that transition zone. And interestingly. The AI is being used by customers, not by doctors so much,
these tracking devices. And the measurements that they give us or
So going to help us understand how to exercise more effectively in a way that will help us, not just bring down these individual letters rules, but also presumably bring down our biological age over
time already. We can do that. The ring that I am wearing the wristband. This patch. They're measuring my heart rate constantly. They're looking at heart rate variability, which you want to be high. They're also looking at resting heart rate, which you want to be low in general. There are certain ways to improve that. There's there's running, there's weights. There's
Yoga, even meditation the apps will soon be. So sophisticated. They'll say okay today. You should go on this. Run here. I'll send you on a map. This will be nice. It's good weather versus old maybe today. You need a rest. You've got bit of cortisol. You ran yesterday, do some weights today and that is going to be optimized. In addition with the supplements are going to say, okay don't take this supplement today because I'm going to tell you to go lift
weights. I imagine this world were like Siri becomes your personal trainer.
Pretty much you can have a guardian angel.
For health. And when that happens, you're going to look at the days when we went for an annual physical as though those days are
medieval. There's not going to be a one-size-fits-all solution for everybody when it comes to exercise just like diet and supplementation, right? Everybody's going to be
difficult, clearly. And I say this all the time, when I give talks people ask me. Well, what should I do? Tell me what you do David and I'll do that. Well, that that's not what people should do because everybody's different genetically, physically, even mentally what I can do, skip meals, some people.
Cannot do. So, even though on as I often say peach 304, I listed what I do in the book. That's not the perfect prescription for everybody, of course, because everyone's different. So you got to measure yourself like I do and see what works for you and what doesn't
before we get off the subject of exercise. I wanted to talk a little bit about this idea of exercise memetics or it. Now we know particularly in animal studies. The mice in your lab are getting an exercise benefit.
Of consumption of nmn. But and then then is a pretty rudimentary molecule. It's not a designer. It's it's pretty simple. There are new, drugs coming down the line as if we're talking about the future. Is there a point in time in which you know, these supplements. These drugs are going to allow us to be our slaven Lee selves without
consequence. Well, we're not there yet. And in fact, what the data says from my
Lab, is that when you give Ana man and you exercise, you get the best benefit. So it's not an excuse to sit around and just pop a pill. But there are, there is a need for better medicines. The reason that I'm developing at one of my companies, a better and a man version is that the elderly and people who just came in with a heart attack or have kidney failure. They cannot be on a fasting regimen easily or asked to go for a run. So you do need to be able to deliver these with a pill or with Ivy, but for those of us who are still fit the best bang for the buck is
At least, until with today's technology is to eat right, move, right and supplement in a way that use conceived by monitoring. What's optimizing your body for longevity? Ultimately,
one of the places that you think we may wind up is a world in which we can reset the clock through a course of treatments. And, and you've done experiments about this in your lab. You've had quite a bit of
Success with with mice and doing this. And this is what, what? The Fahey trials are seem to be showing in Southern California. Let's let's dive into that because this is, this is not immediate, but it is likely down the road somewhere in The Fairly near
future. Well, so Greg Fahy, the, the professor out in California, who's doing this with patience and published with Steve Harvey. They're seeing a couple of years retreat, in age, in 12 months of treatment.
With a combination of three factors that we discussed in an earlier episode, but this is just the beginning. This is the early days of flight. We're just learning how this works. But very rapidly over the next few years were going to learn what else can reverse the age of the body. Certainly, the blood clock which is what's being used right now. And there were reports of people going back, 10, even 20 years with certain treatments. So this is a golden age for aging research. I didn't realize it. When I started out in my career. I didn't expect to be talking about age, reverse light, but
It will slow down aging and that'll be the best if we're lucky. We're in a world that for me, is science fiction already. We're way beyond my expectations, which is super exciting. The
other thing that you're working on and then a lot of people are really excited about. Is this idea of an epigenetic reset of biological age. This is stuff that you're doing in your lab right now. Let's let's talk about taking my sand and reversing their biological age,
right? So what we're talking about, a gene
In therapy, we discovered that there are found that there are three genes that are normally turned on in embryos, that keep them young that we could turn on again in the adult animal and in human cells. So Works in both both species, but in the mice, we could manipulate them to see what happens. When you rejuvenate their tissues. Using these three genes. What we in the genes are well that they call Doc for socks to and klf4. These are what are called transcription factors proteins that bind to DNA in turn on genetic programs and they're
part of this series.
Of genes that people call the yamanaka
factors. Yes. So yamanaka. Shinya yamanaka from Japan won, the Nobel Prize in 2016, for the discovery of five genes. Three of which I've just mentioned. There are two others that were able to take cells and adults. Sell back to a pluripotent stem cell stage, very like, basically age zero. And then you could we do use these cells to build other tissues. They can be turned into nerve cells and muscle. But you don't want to do that in the body. You'll become the world.
Largest tumor. So, we found that a combination of three of these genes and leaving out. The other two. Dangerous Ones was a perfect way to reset the age of the body without causing cancer, and it worked better than we could even predicted. We put these genes using a virus into the eye. For example, we could do the whole body as well. But let's focus on the I
moved into the eye of a
mouse. It's a mouse. Yeah. We hope in a couple of years. We'll be testing our first human and we're right now we've done - when our doing non-human primates, so we're getting closer about in the
It was just a stunning result,
which is a mouse. That's had its optic nerve damage or a mouse that has glaucoma, which is pressure in the ike. The causes blindness affects millions of people around the world or just old age. These mice were essentially blind. We then put the virus in, with these three genes could turn on these three genes OS and K for short and four weeks later those cells, the retinal cells, the nerve cells, that go to the brain went back in time. They became young again, reset their age, according to the Horvath clock.
Their gene expression patterns, which means the genes that were dysregulated went back to being regulated perfectly for a nerve cell and the mice got their Vision back. We actually cure blindness in those mice which was a stunning result. We also showed that the systems that reset the clock. There are enzymes that control DNA methylation called Tourette's without those. We didn't get Vision restoration and the clock didn't go back. So what that tells us is that the clock going backwards is doable. There is a reset switch in the body.
And the clock is part of that system.
It was all sounds. I know two people who haven't heard about it at first. It sounds sort of futuristic and crazy. This was the cover story on the journal
Nature. Yeah, December 2020. We were fortunate enough to get the covers issue. It's a dream for any scientist and the title that they had on the cover was turning back time and a picture of an eyeball with a clock hand going. Yeah. That was one of the highlights of my career and what's happened. Since is there's been a whirlwind of in
Interest in this from scientists around the world investors, there's more than 20 billion with a be twenty billion dollars being raised to to look at this actual phenomenon of Aging research, and a lot of scientists are turning their attention towards understanding how this works. And even mimicking, this gene therapy with little molecules, perhaps plant molecules or drugs that are on the market already. So that one day, hopefully in the next five to ten years, we could take a pill or rubber cream on our skin, not just a slow aging. But to truly
Reset the age of the body
between then. And now there's obviously a lot of work to do. We've seen this effect in the eyes of mice, you're working on other systems within a mouse as well.
Well, we are and in humans I should say we're trying to go as quickly as we can. We found that the reset Works in other parts of the eye. We can restore Vision in mice that have what's called retinal degeneration, a macular degeneration. We also have skin
Reversal for humans and mice. And we've even built little mini brains, we grow these little organoids out of human skin. We give them Alzheimer's disease, these little brains, get dementia. And we can reset the age of those mini brains, and they get their electrical activity back. So, this is the beginnings of work that I hope will mean that we can reverse the age of the brain and other tissues and diseases of old age. Like I'll timers heart disease. Even cancer. Will go away.
What this would look like in practice.
Act is presumably at some time in the future would be a course of treatment. Right? Like you have experience some degree of Aging, you decide. Hey, it's time for me to take care of this. You go in, you have this gene therapy. The, and then, these jeans are basically turned on inside your body to do to do their
work. That's right, and we built the system in the virus, so we could turn it on with an antibiotic doxycycline and the patients that we treat. If we treat them, will take a course of antibiotics to turn on the reprogramming. So
We can turn it on for say, four to eight weeks. We can measure their Vision when they get their Vision back again. They stopped the antibiotics, then they age out again, maybe another decade and then all they get in. The mail is another course of antibiotics to restore their Vision. Again,
A lot of people are going to be really concerned, by this idea of like the like gene therapy, but there are as you noted, like some other avenues that we might get a very similar result. Great faith. He's work is aimed at this same idea of
Of an epigenetic reprogramming without genetic therapy. He's doing this through some pretty simple chemicals.
Yeah. Yeah, so he's in California and he used three treatments. It's called the trim top trial, and it included metformin growth hormone and DHEA another hormone. And so growth hormone will rebuild tissues, and that gives a response in the body that the times are good. But he also counteracted that with adversity, memetics the metformin and the DHEA prevented glue.
Go spikes and type 2 diabetes and what he showed after a year of this treatment. Was that the epigenetic clock measured by Horvath? Remember. This is the DNA methylation patterns reset in a way that was calculated to take their blood biomarkers back. The blood clock back, two and a half years on average. Now, that's doesn't seem like a
lot that was after one year of treatment. When your treatment on this course of the three drugs, bought two and a half years, and equivalent biological
age. Yeah.
First I said, two and a half years. Come on, that's not much, but then I realized if you do that every year or even every two years you're Immortal and that's when things get really interesting but we don't know is are these treatments just changing the blood clock or are they changing the whole body? So we need to measure other things including skin clocks and blood biomarkers to really know if this is a true aging
reset. There's a bunch of ways that were trying to approach the same goal, which is this like repeatable.
Or resetting of age as of right now. We don't know how many times it's repeatable. Whether you can do it once or twice or 10 times or
however many times. We we don't know what I was speaking with with Greg. He's a friend of mine. He said that he's been repeating this treatment and often when these Publications come out. We scientists know a lot more than we're telling people and what he told me, which I'll share it with, with all the audience today is it works multiple times? So he's now getting people to go.
Back five. And there are some reports of people going back, 10 years in their bloods biological age.
What do we need to know to know whether that's safe in the long term? And what do we need to know to know whether or not that can be continued in the long term? There's not some drop off at some point where it says like this just is not going to work
anymore. Yeah. We don't know. This is New Territory and I think that's a really important point is, we don't know the dangers of resetting the age, which we believe that. It's safe so far. There's been no indication.
Occasionally any downside, but one of the big worries is, if you go back too far in age, you can stimulate cancer cells. So that's another thing to watch out for but I'm I'm an optimist. I'm optimistic that if the body becomes younger, it'll surveil the body and kill the cancer cells, which is one of the problems as we get older. And why tumors develop is that our body body's immune system, doesn't kill those cancer cells, but we have, you know, obviously, we have a lot of work to do. We're not saying go out and try gene therapy today.
We could do that, theoretically but definitely don't, we don't know all the risks and it particularly with gene therapy. It can be irreversible. So this
is what you do. Try to committed
right? And there can be other side effects as well from gene therapy, including immune responses, to those viruses. One word about those viruses is that it's still early days on drug on Gene delivery. One of the reasons we haven't immediately had success with extending. The lifespan of mice, is that those viruses are very hard to
Distribute evenly through the body, even in, even humans. It's a struggle for diseases that want to be treated holistically, but there are advances in a number of new companies that have sprung up that allow these viruses to infect the body more evenly. And when that happens, I think we will be able to make mice that can live a decade or two.
So we can take a mouse that right now has a lifespan of about two years and we can make it live a decade or two and just playing with this idea of optimism for a moment here and sort of like
setting aside, all of the things that like, we don't know yet, those kinds of impacts on a human life. Puts us out. Well, past the Hundred Year marker. Well past 120 year marker. We start getting into territory that a lot of people just have a really hard time, even fathoming. But again, just playing with that for a moment here, what we're talking about in in the long term, as a world where people are living these incredibly longer lives.
Bubbly, hopefully healthier as well. A lot of people. The first thing that they hear when they hear that is more people on and already really crowded plan, it, you hear this? A lot from
people. Well, I do, even when we talk about extending lifespan by five years, people wonder what are we going to do with all these people? And the good news is, if you do the calculations, first of all, most advanced countries economically Advanced, their, the rates of population growth are starting to decline even here in the US, its
income people having
In fewer children over the last few Generations as these countries
get get richer. Yeah. Richer leads to fewer Offspring wealth Health. These will lead to people making decisions that I don't I don't need it to have three five, ten kids. And this is increasingly happening in South America and in Africa as well. And the prediction is that that Humanity will Peak at about 10 billion, maybe 11 and start to come down again, and that's going to be when these changes actually happen to humanity that people will live
And there will not be an excess of people. It's not the will be overcrowded. That's clear from the math. The other concern people have is, what about all the resources and clearly? We need to figure out ways to preserve the planner, preserve, the environment, and not destroy it, with our overconsumption. And one of the solutions that often people don't think about is that these changes to human. Biology will allow people to be much more productive and less costly to the economy right now. We throw away seven.
18% of our GDP in the US on health care, but we don't throw it away. But a lot of that is used at the, in the last few years of life, which we can probably fix with this technology. We've calculated that. If we could extend lifespan by just one year using Metformin as an example, which probably could work better than that. There's the value to the US economy in the long run is eighty six trillion dollars. And if you do it for 10 years, it's 365 trillion. We just published this in a journal.
Nature aging that is money. That can be put towards other problems. Improving education helping to combat climate change among other things making the world much more efficient and less
wasteful. We get to use that money wisely. I mean like like there was this sense at the end of the Cold War that we're going to have this peace dividend, all this money that we were spending on war. We are now going to be able to spend on all these social programs and making people's lives better, and we just threw it back into the military. There's also a possibility that we miss you.
Use this. So this is another instance where we really need to start having these conversations now and really working them into the conversations and and making sure that policymakers understand the world that we're potentially in turning
into for sure, but the sums are astronomical already. We've got more money. Being put into reprogramming and age. Correction epigenetic reprogramming than ever in any other time in medical history. This is a true historical event that we're experiencing here. It's one of the reasons,
Want to do this podcast is to bring people along as these amazing changes happen, but also the sums of money that will be saving are also unprecedented 360 trillion dollars. Just in the US that's money that he even if some is wasted there's going to be a lot to use for good purposes. But I think what we want to do is educate Congress people that when this money comes, it's used for the right purposes
and that's on the health care savings side of things, which tends
To be the the later in life, side of things. There's another advantage to this too, is that if we can lengthen life sounds right. The portion of a human life that we spend educating someone right now is about a quarter of their life, right at the first 20 years of their life give or take and then you get, you know, two decade or two equivalent time periods, where they work, right? So you get about a 40 year career and then you get a 20 year period at the end of their life, where they're sick, but if you can extend out that time in which they are being,
Active all the sudden all of those educational costs become even better Investments and they already are and as you and I both agree. I know education is the best investment we can make in our
society, right? And not everybody starts out life with a career that they want. They don't have the opportunity and so with a longer life there should be multiple opportunities to change careers and do things that you've people have always wanted to do. But to make that possible, we Advocate a skilled article, the term that we coined, this would, this would be two or three years paid time off, too.
Change careers to do something. You always wanted. Everyone should have that on. Well maybe
course of people's
lives. Yeah, as lives get longer and more productive and healthy, there should be multiple opportunities to change and do ultimately what people have always wanted to do. My father is a good example. He's now 82. He left work his main career in his late 60s 67 and he thought he was going to die in 10 years from then. It wasn't going to be very pretty. He's now 82. He's as healthy as he ever was. He's stronger than me. He started a new
Career in his 70s. This is the kind of life that I want for everybody that we don't have to worry about getting cancer in our 50s and 60s or having a heart attack. In our 70s. We should be able to live in our 80s and 90s and Beyond in a healthy way. Contributing to society, educating the community, educating our kids, our grandkids. Even our great-grandkids with all the wisdom that we accumulate over our lifetimes. It's a huge waste when somebody 80 90 or 100 dies.
Well, it's such a waste that. You've suggested we've argued about this before you've suggested.
Add that people don't just have a right to live that long. They really have a responsibility and obligation to live that long. They do, I'm healthy.
Well, it's important. Most people who are over the age of 40 or 50 have taken care of a grandparent, or a parent who's gotten sick. It's a huge burden on everybody. It's not just bad for the person who's dying. It's bad for the family. It's costly time-consuming and emotionally draining to say, the least what we're talking about is take responsibility for yourself, but also do it for your kids.
Grandkids say, because if you live a long time and are not a burden on your family and you relive a long time. You'll probably die much quicker. That's the statistic. Your kids will thank you for it. And I think we have a right? And an obligation to do that.
Most people, I think when you present to them the opportunity to live longer and healthier they say, oh, yeah, I would like that future right now, the things that we have talked about that make that kind of a future.
ER easier reprogramming. Really, really effective drugs and supplements, they're getting there but they're not there which means if somebody wants to partake in this future and they are of any age right now. They actually have to put in the work. It's not just going to be handed to them in the next in the next few years.
No, it's not just simple, as take two pills and call me in the morning kind of stuff or call me in the next decade. It is hard work. You don't get anything for free. You can't just yet pop up.
Well, and go back, 20, 30 years though, maybe in the future, we will. But for now, the best recipe for long life greater health and ensure that you make it past, 80, 90, maybe even into your, hundreds is to do the right things. There's eight the right way. Okay, eat the right of kind of diets don't eat. As often have some period of fasting, get some type of exercise, even better do multiple different types of exercise. Stress your body out a little bit. Give it some hormesis. These are adversity.
Medics are a bit of call bit of heat, those kind of things. The other thing we talked about is some supplements and these new technologies. We've talked about today, the monitoring and other things that will actually allow us to live longer and you might say, well, do I care about living longer? Well, absolutely. You should why? Because the longer you live the longer you will live right now. If we live a an extra year we get another three months of life because these Technologies are going so fast and soon we'll have another six months of life. Every year we live and
Actually another year for every year we live and that's when things get super
interesting David in this series so far we've covered a lot. I know a lot of it was dense. Some of it we probably moved too fast for people on some of it. We didn't move fast enough on some of it. People might want to review. Again. If if they do want that, the good news is the show. Notes are going to be available. They're going to be timestamp, so you can go right to the topics that you want to learn more about.
Those are things to are really amazing team of
researchers. Yeah, we've been really lucky. We got a great team here that we want to thank you. And I one is the researchers so that a lot of the facts here that have come out of the scientific literature were brought to us by Sara Ryan and a deep Johnson. They've been awesome. Thanks guys. Also want to thank our producer. We got Rob Moore and his assistant producer, Jack Jameson.
Yeah, um if there's anything that people want us,
Dive deeper on in the future. Presuming a future of another season of this. They can they can leave notes wherever they're
watching their podcast. Yeah. Hopefully the will have a great reception, people can leave five stars on Apple podcasts and
you know, us as a suggestion 5
Stars. Yeah, that would be fine. But seriously, we're paying attention. Whether we should do another series or not will decide based on the reaction. Hopefully, people love what we do. They want a deeper dive. They want to know more.
About fertility, even sexual performance. We could jump into, you
really want to do that. Episode, we could do it. I'd like, I'm excited about that episode 2. I think there's a lot to be said, there is a ton to be said about aging and sex. There's a ton to be said about aging and Society. There's so many more topics that we can
hit and what there are a lot that we haven't thought of, I'm sure. And our viewers can tell us what they want to hear about. So we'll pay attention to the suggestions. And if there are enough people interested in a topic, we'll dive into the scientific literature. That's
Accessible to most people and bring those in a factual way and hopefully, in a way that is digestible and easy to understand but also entertaining, most importantly, what we want to do here. And hopefully you've done this in the last eight episodes here, is to give people an idea of what's possible. That there are. Longevity, long-term longevity, and their daily, wellness and performance is truly in their own hands, even with today's knowledge and technology and just around the corner, we're going to have things that we can barely dream
of and wherever
We go next. Now, people have listened, this hopefully have a really Baseline understanding of the fundamental nature of, where the research is, where it's coming from, where aging come from, and what we can do about it, which means that whatever we cover in the future, we can start from that place and build from
there. Exactly. We can do some deep dives into various topics. It can be about blood glucose and monitoring. It could be about fertility and women. We got lots to cover.
Do another set of Eight Episodes which we hope will do, and depending on the feedback from people, if it's really positive. We hope that it will be will do another a, I think you you want to come back and do one.
Yeah, I do. Although I think there's some debate about where the location is going to be. We're filming in Boston right
now and you want to go to your place.
Probably, I think, I think a combinatory podcast series recording / ski vacation. Sounds
really good. Yeah, Mr. Park City, Utah.
Oh, okay. Sounds good to me. We'll have to ask our boy wonder Rob the producer, but I would love to do that. Thanks so much for joining us in this first season of the lifespan podcast again, please let us know your thoughts and questions in the comments section on YouTube and on social media. And let us know if we should do a season 2. If you'd like to support us, please share this episode and others with those you think might benefit from the information.
To stay informed of future episodes. Subscribe on YouTube, Apple podcast and Spotify and on Apple. You have the opportunity to leave up to a five star review. Also, please check out the sponsors that we mentioned at the start of the episode. That's probably the best way to support the show. We also have a patreon account. It's at patreon.com slash David Sinclair. There you can support us at any level you like. Thanks again for joining us. It's been a lot of fun and I hope is through this series. We've shown that age.
Ian is not just something to focus on late in life, but something you should focus on daily to feel better. Each day and be healthier for longer. Maybe we'll see you next time.
